This method of washing and treatment 
eggs is defended by the patent.
The exile is neccessary.

To wash or not to wash?

             In this situation there are incubative and food eggs.  And  the washing of incubative eggs is more interesting in the economic plane. There are washing machines for washing food eggs in Russia and abroad and there is the detailed instruction of The Medical inspection servise, where you can read about obligotary washing eggs which are subjected to treatment.
            The problem of washing eggs is very serious not only in Russia, but also abroad including capitalist countries. Consumers’ treatment of washing eggs is different. According to National Researching Union, the level of washing eggs is lower in many European countries but parameters of weight are the same.  Washing egg in the USA, Japan, Australia is not the product of the second sort and it is used without limitation. В. In Swiss there is a firm persuasion of consumers that washing egg is clearer and safer for treat than fresh egg. Some eggs’ consumers in Swiss (for example, hospitals) insist on that egg in these establishments is supplied only after washing. In Great Britain and Italy many consumers approve washing egg. The treatment to washing eggs changed after recapitulatory events of consumers’ infection of salmonellosis. Except it, eggs’ production out of cells (floor maintenance) is rather popular in many countries and it brings to rising percentage of soiling eggs in sale.
             The quantity of soiling eggs on different enterprises oscillates between 3%-5% up to 20% of all real eggs. The problem of a realization such eggs in the conditions of the serious competition supplies big problems and it is decided with the help of these methods:
             1.The lowering of realization price on soiling eggs (usually 10-30% of the washing eggs’ price)
             2.Treatment soiling eggs in powder.
             3.Treatment eggs in melange, liquid white of eggs, yolk etc.
             4.Washing of soiling eggs.
            The lowering of realization price allows to solve the problem of soiling effs’ realization but it leads to income diminution. Except it, realization soiling eggs on the market doesn’t promote good image for company.
             Treatment soiling eggs in powder allows to get a last storage product which they can sell in big size and transport on big area. of this method are big expenditures on treatment which lead to income diminution and sometimes there are problems which connect with high bacterial sowing of this product.
             Treatment eggs in melange, liquid white of eggs, yolk implies its small realization, acquisition special treatment and there is a problem of bacterial sowing of this product.
             Deeper treatment demands acquisition expensive treatment and Russian market isn’t ready to consume big quantity such products and most of it is saled abroad and it is connected with some problems.
             Washing of soiling eggs is rather capricious operation. . Caprices of this operation depends on an operator and producer of washing eggs machines. There is no matter what mark of it: the famous machine “Rosa” or the last model of the firm “Kuhl”. Consequences of washing eggs are the same and the manifestation of perish eggs and smell in a depository differ only in time. After washing in home machine it is a week, in abroad machine it is 2-3 weeks. These problems start after few time after eggs’ realization and it is connected with breach of temperature conditions for safe eggs. . Summer intensifies these problems. Conflicts doesn’t promote company’s image.
 We will talk about causes of it later but now we’ll talk about washing incubative eggs.
             History  of researching is that there is a question about rise in quantity of incubative eggs on the one of our poultry farm. There are 2 variants for solving this problem: rise of total number parents flock or acquisition quantity incubative eggs or chicken per diem subsistence allowance on year-programm development. There are no means in budget of this enterprise ant it have to find another original decision which can allow rise quantity of incubative eggs without big means. During analysis of the structure of incubative eggs we find out that there is a beg per cent of soiling eggs which depends on old cell treatment and other causes which demands big measures and to wash soiling incubative eggs. In home and abroad sources there isn’t answer the question “how to wash incubative egg” without worsening its quality. And many instructions ban to wash incubative egg.  Our company researched this problem and results was united in publishing “About abstract aspects of medical treat of incubative and food eggs of agricultural bird”. Some extracts of this publication is below.. 

           If we see hen’s egg like a porous body ( and it’s true because there are many pores) mechanism of sowing eggs happens thus:
 When the temperature of eggs and area are the same active interchange of gases between outward and inside environment are absent. That quantity of oxygen which is in eggs and penetrates from its pores is sufficient for supporting oxidizing processes that are in embryo.
 When the temperature of environment is higher than egg’s temperature (for example, when detachment of eggs is carried from a cold place to a warm place) warming-up of eggs starts and air is warming too. Because of growth inside pressure of air when eggs is warming the part of air goes through pores outside. The quantity of remote through pores air and the time of this process is proportional to difference between temperature of environment and own temperature of egg. Total area of pores in hen’s egg can be 25 mm2. According to some explorers their quantity can be 10 thousand ( in the middle 8) and diameter oscillates between 0,01 up to 0,04 mm.
 When the temperature of environment is lower than own egg’s temperature reverse process starts. The quantity of imbued air depends on difference between own egg’s temperature and the temperature of environment.
 In works of some explorers there are recommendations for momentary cooling of incubative eggs when they are in an incubation. This method allows to improve indexes of incubation (percentage of brood and cutting down of quantity frozen chicken). Cooling eggs in this situation reaches with the help of opening doors of incubators during short duration of time or with the help of irrigation the surface of eggs by the water when the ventilator of incubative board is included. All poultry farmers know that sitting hen leaves the long-occupied place sometimes. It happens, as rule, in the second half of hatching. Experiments about momentary cooling of incubative eggs when they are in an incubation which were carried out by the authors of this article showed that in some cases percentage of brood really grew. But these indexes weren’t stable and average indexes were in limit of mistake.
 In our opinion definite factor which promotes the growth of brood is reinforcement of ventilation between environment and embryo. .
 Intensity of interchange of gases predetermines intensity of egg’s warming-up like a physical body and it depends on difference between egg’s temperature and temperature of environment ( in this situation environmental air). According to explorers’ researching egg’s warming-up and its cooling go by hyperbolic diagram, parameters depend on difference between egg’s temperature and temperature of environment.
 But egg’s warming-up and its cooling demand much time which is defined by egg’s temperatures and temperatures of environment, heat conductivity and thermal capacity of environment. Heat conductivity and thermal capacity of eggs are considered conditional constant size. The weight of eggs influence the speed of egg’s warming-up but we think that egg which is in the incubator is calibrated by its weight.

According to our own researching the dynamics of warming-up and cooling of eggs in water   have more powerful description that is conditioned other parameters of heat conductivity and thermal capacity. The temperature inside of egg is measured by electronic thermometer near the centre of the yolk, environment is distilled water with different temperature.
 When clear or sterile surface of incubative eggs’ shell is the effect of momentary cooling of eggs at the moment of incubation can be only positive.
 In other way micro flora can penetrates into pores of eggs and then inside with the air and with water. As marked, total section all pores of eggs’ shell is about 25mm2. We can imagine egg like some hollow body with the aperture which area is about 25 mm2, the quantity of micro flora can penetrate inside during the incubation or safe. The egg like the ideal biologic object has defence of outward influence, but always these mechanics don’t work at all or may be work insufficiently. According to some explorers one of the most important role in the defence of egg’s inside of micro flora’s penetration is thin film (cuticule) which is on the outside of the egg’s shell and has protein like lisosim. But information about the effect of this defence is different and incorrect. This film doesn’t close pores of egg’s shell and it means can’t give biologic protection. The level of egg’s defence like biologic object depends on many causes among them there are physical hen’s state who laid that eggs, the vitamin concentration in eggs, microelements, proteins, specific ferments, time and conditions of eggs’ safe, intensity and frequency of temperature changes when eggs are transported from relative herd to the doors of incubator’s board. In our opinion the main mechanics of biological defense are gumoral factors which are in this consistence.
 Main causes of bad influence during incubation is water presence outward of eggs. Water can be because of condensation the steams of water whicg are in the air. Such phenomenon is observed in cold time of the year when eggs are transported from the department to eggs’ storehouse and after eggs storehouse to the incubator.
 Water can appear on the outward of the shell during washing of soiling eggs in the poultry-yard or in a special place on the eggs storehouse of the enterprise.
 In this situation water can be a thing for transportation for delivery micro flora from outward of eggs inside.
 Practical methods of reasoning we put into the base of the eggs’ washing machine construction and the method of washing which is different with famous Russian and foreign analogues. The push of this decision was analysis of interest-bearing maintenance of soiling and clear eggs on the poultry-farms. We found out that soiling eggs have a big percentage of total quantity of eggs and it is between 2-3% (a good result) up to 20-30% (very bad). Soiling eggs are gathered and realized or treated in the quantity of 5-7% of the all quantity of all gathered eggs. There are many factors which influence the level of soiling eggs but the main of them are the state of equipment and physical state of birds. The thickness of the shell and the coefficient of the deformation has the importance. More or less the quantity of soiling eggs on enterprises are high and we have to struggle with it.
 If we want to produce incubative eggs from water-fowl the problem of soiling shell is very serious and the question about this removal is very important. The incubation of very soiling eggs can show another problems for example a low level of brood or appearance so-called “cuff” in the incubate board, which can bring   to the low economic effect of the incubation and the brood. Except it damage of soiling incubative eggs is more important because the price of it more expensive than hen’s eggs.
Economic side of this problem is like that:
 When washing eggs and they become “clear” price is growing on 30 copeks for one and it allows to get   about 50-200 thousand rubles every month.
 When washing incubative eggs and the become from “soiling” to “incubative” their price is growing from 1 ruble to 7 rubles for one.  The decision of this problem allows to grow the fortune from realization.
 Washing machines which exist now can do only mechanic clear and wash eggs without calculation physical and physiological features and it is not very good. Even if the shell is seemed   clear, egg'sinside is sowed by micro flora during the washing and it adversely affects on the storage and there is no suggestions for incubation of treated eggs.
 Except it many specialists think that it is banned to wash incubative eggs. Тhis opinion is a mistake. Incubative and goods egg are washable but it has to do right. And it is good to add that some water-fowl wash their incubative eggs in their nests ans as a rule it is in the morning (warming-up).
 In our variant egg has 5 stage of cleaning. The temperature is supported with a big exactness up to 0.01oC, and washing thigs allow to guarantee a good washing of eggs, and their  storage and incubation.
 Experimental facts which were during washing the incubative eggs with the help of this method showed their high effect. Thus, for example, percentage of subsistence chicken’s brood from very soiled eggs which were treated with the help of our method is higher 5-7% than percentage of chicken’s brood from clear eggs which weren’t treated. Groups of soiling sale eggs which were treated with the help of this method were kept during 70 days in the thermostat where the temperature was 37C. After eggs’dissection their contents were high quality up to organoleptic estimate but the storage and this temperature were optimum for many bacteria.
 In our opinion, this method of washing (treatment) can be recommended for planned and systematic treatment for all incubative eggs before incubation’s laying. Except the benefit of growing percentage of chicken’s brood this step can be useful and necessary for preventive measures and cure of many infectious diseases on poultry-farmers.
 If you want to compare this method of washing with others you will see that this method has some advantages. They are:
1. Washing soiled incubative eggs and then their incubations.
2. Washing soiled sale eggs for their long storage.
3. Medical treatment of incubative and sale eggs with the help of antibiotics, essential oils and things of disinfection for the struggle in bad economies.
4. The use of cheep and accessible   washing and disinfect preparation."

    In the scheme 1 there are average results of the experiments

            There control group is the incubative egg with the date of gathering no more than 3 days with the clear shell. The experimental group is the incubative egg with the date og gathering no more than 3 days with different level of soiling from middle up to very soiling. Incubation of two groups were in the same incubative board with recommended conditions. 

The scheme 1
 

	Not fertile (%)	Frozen (%)	Brood (%)	Murrain (%)  1-15 days
Control	11	11,3	77,7	0,46
Experiment	8,7	8,5	82,8	0,2
Deviation	- 2,3	- 2,8	+ 5,1	- 0,26

            As we see from the scheme in the experimental group not fertile eggs less on 2,3% (may be it is because of false non fecundate), on 2,8% less frozen embryos, on 5,1% higher the percentage of brood chicken, on 0,26% lower percentage of murrain in the first 15 days than in the control group. 

            After washing soiling goods eggs by the new original method and the following safe in the thermostat with the temperature 27 C (optimal conditions for developing many microorganisms) during 77 days there aren’t eggs which were sowed by micro flora. 

              The method and detailes of different temperatures technology of washing and medical treatment for eggs were worked out by group of our company under the leadership of Scvorcov Gennady Egorovich and Karabanov Sergey Evgen’evich.  At present time one of the most important direction of our activities is consulting in the area of the poultry.

The technique characteristic of acting experimental-industrial standard
of the washing machine with the our method of treatment:

 

Parameters	Unit.
Length	mm	2200
Width	mm	1000
Height	mm	1200
The volume of capacity	liter	400
Electric power	Kilowatt	7
Expense of water	l\hour	10-20
Washing and disinfectant means	-	Accessible
Productivity	Piece\hour	3
The price of washing 1 egg	Cop\piece	3 - 7

       We are ready to make such machines for a measure for every productivity or reconstruct machines on enterprises for washing eggs.
       At the present time we work out a new cinematic scheme of eggs’ washing machine with spiral brushes “VAIR”which allow to improve the level of washing eggs.

Chief-assembling of eggs’ washing machine at the enterprise.

                    The method of washing and medical eggs treat is defended by the patent. The base of this method depends on the change of temperature of washing products of the rule.
                    Temperature conditions for different treats, instructions, recommendations are supplied with the washing machines which we can make.

Хотелось бы и это включить в англоязычную версию.

В результате больше чем годовой напряженной работы наших специалистов сконструирован и запущен в серию новый образец яйцемоечной машины с улучшенными техническими характеристиками.
В новой модели изменены (август 2008 г.):
1. Конструкция конвейера, которая позволяет мыть яйца как в инкубационном лотке, так и без него.
2. Введен блок спиралевидных щеток, позволяющих значительно улучшить качество мойки яиц.
3. Электронная часть машины выполнена на логических интегральных элементах, позволяющих более точно контролировать параметры мойки и обработки яиц.
4. Пластиковые емкости заменены на емкости из нержавеющей стали.
5. Изменена конструкция форсунок.
6. Усовершенствован электронный блок управления агрегатом.
7. Введена дополнительная ступень защиты параметров технологического процесса.
8. Увеличена мощность ТЭНов, что позволяет сократить время подготовки машины к работе.
9. В качестве материала для облицовки применен композитный материал, значительно улучшивший внешний вид машины, ее электрическую безопасность и снизивший общий вес. (см. фото).
10. Все водяные магистрали изготовлены из ПВХ трубы,  что значительно увеличивает срок службы машины.

11. На заключительной стадии скорлупа яиц, прошедших обработку облучается ультрафиолетом для дополнительной дезинфекции ее поверхности.
Данный тип конструкции машины позволяет изготавливать подобные агрегаты на любую производительность.
Технологический процесс мойки и обработки яиц происходит в автоматическом режиме без участия оператора, что позволяет исключить влияние человеческого фактора на качество мойки.

Технические характеристики базовых комплектов яйцемоечной машины

Параметры	Единица измерения	Величина
Габариты установки:  Длина  Ширина  Высота	мм	2000  1050  1100
Вес *	кг	350...1500
Производительность *	тыс.шт./час	4000...50000
Линейная скорость конвейера *	см/мин	10...80
Общий объем емкостей *	л	400...2000
Максимальная потребляемая мощность *	КВт	10...40
Номинальный расход воды *	л/час	20...160
Количество спиралевидных щеток	шт	Не менее 1 на стадию
Пределы регулировки зазора между щетками и конвейером **	мм	30...90
Моющие и дезинфицирующие растворы ***		Согласно инструкции
Точность поддержания температуры моющих растворов (с учетом дрейфа)	град/С	0,2
Средняя стоимость мойки яиц ****	коп/шт	5
Тип конвейера для транспортировки яиц		Рольганговый
Количество персонала при ручной загрузке и выгрузке *****	чел.	2
Автоматическая загрузка и выгрузка яиц ******		Предусмотрена
Электропитание		380 Вольт
Температурный режим эксплуатации	град/С	+ 5...+ 30
Влажностный режим эксплуатации	%%	не более 85

 * Параметры указаны для машин с минимальной и максимальной производительностью.
** Этот параметр позволяет осуществлять мойку яиц разного размера от мелкого куриного до крупного гусиного.
*** Моющие растворы доступны и дешевы.
**** По состоянию на июль 2007 г.
***** Для модели с производительностью 4000 шт./час.
****** Является дополнительной опцией.

Вид на машину со стороны загрузочного стола	Блок спиралевидных щеток
Вид на машину со стороны приемного стола	Внешний вид машины со стороны блока управления

 

Расчет экономической эффективности мойки товарных и инкубационных яиц.

                    Количество загрязненных яиц на различных птицеводческих предприятиях России по статистическим данным колеблется от 3-5% до 20%.
                    Реализация пищевых загрязненных яиц связана с существенными проблемами – ограниченное время хранения,  непривлекательный внешний вид и т.д. Реализация и дальнейшее использование загрязненных инкубационных яиц по своему назначению невозможно в принципе, так как это запрещено Ветеринарным законодательством России. На предприятиях проблема реализации загрязненных яиц решается следующими способами.
           1. Снижением реализационной цены на загрязненное яйцо (как правило, на 10-30% от стоимости чистых яиц в зависимости от степени загрязнения).
           2. Переводом инкубационных яиц из категории «инкубационное» в категорию «загрязненное товарное».
           3. Переработкой загрязненного яйца на яичный порошок.
                    Перечисленные мероприятия в любом случае снижают реализационную цену на производимое яйцо даже без учета стоимости переработки.

Средние реализационные цены различных категорий яиц (руб./дес.) по состоянию на май 2007 г.
и разница в цене между категориями (центральный район России)

	С1 товарное	С2 товарное	Инкубационное  (яичные кроссы)	Инкубационное (мясные кроссы)	Грязное
Реализационная цена категорий яиц	18	15	25	75	10
Реализационная цена категории «грязное»	10	10	10	10	10
Разница по отношению к категории «Грязное»	8	5	15	65	0

Расчетная экономическая эффективность мойки яиц для птицефабрик разного профиля
с различным поголовьем кур-несушек при интенсивности яйцекладки 85%
(миллионов рублей в год).

 

Среднегодовое поголовье кур-несушек (тыс.гол.)	Общее количество снесенных яиц (т.шт./год)	В т.ч. грязного  т.шт./год  (5%)	Эффект  С1	Эффект  С2	Эффект  Инкубационное (яичные кроссы)	Эффект  Инкубационное (мясные кроссы)
100	30600	1530	1,2	0,7	2,3	9,9
200	61200	3060	2,5	1,5	4,6	19,9
300	91800	4590	3,7	2,3	6,9	29,8
500	153000	7650	6,1	3,8	11,5	49,7
1000	306000	15300	12,0	7,0	23,0	99,0

                    Приведенный расчет условный, поскольку параметры яйценоскости, реализационной цены, процент загрязненных яиц могут варьировать в широких пределах. Тем не менее, мойка яиц позволяет сэкономить бюджетные средства небольшого предприятия со средним поголовьем кур-несушек от 1 до 10 и более млн. руб. в год.

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